Mixing and atomizing apparatus for hydrocarbons and other fluid materials



March 2, 1937. 2,072,281 MIXING AND ATOMIZING APPARATUs on HYDR'OCARBONS AND OTHER FLUID MATERIALS R. F. SIMONIN' Fild Sept. 25, 1936 3 Sheets-Sheet l m :N mm W N5 mm 1 E .wb k 7 F W/w h W y m mm B F 2 B a M a o .1 .3 7 y l A\\\\\\\\\\\ F 1.. y? z :21 8.1 l 2.1 .m 2.0% 5?; .uflflfluvv w 3 I ATTORNEVS I March 2, 1937.

: R. F. SIMONIN MIXING AND ATOMIZING APPARATUS FOR HYDROCARBONS AND OTHER FLUID MATERIALS 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed Sept. 23, 1936 INVENTOR= RAYMOND FELJ X 6|MONIN March 2, 1937. R. F. SIMONIN MIXING AND ATOMIZING APPARATUS FOR HYDROCARBONS AND OTHER FLUID MATERIALS Filed Sept. 25, 1956 fi 12' 7 g 3 Sheets-Sheet 5 INVENTOR RAYMOND Fux snwomw 9 ALFTORNEYS Patented Mar. 2,

PATENT OFFICE 2,072,281 MIXING AND ATOMIZING APPARATUS FOR HYDROOABBON S AND TERIALS o'rnnn FLUID MA- Baymond Flix Simonin, Dijon, France, asslgnor to Societe dEtudes des Procedes Simonin,

Dijon, France Application September 23, 1936, Serial No. 102,136

France October 17, 1935 i This invention relates to a mixing and atomizing apparatus for hydrocarbons and other fluid materials, which, can be used, in particular, for

- mixing and spreading on roadways more or less complex hydrocarbonaceous liquids, eventually laden with fillers in suspension.

This apparatus is characterized by the combination of a connecting branch adapted to be connected to an inlet pipe supplying liquid under pressure and terminating in a washer having a calibrated hole, a chamber surrounding the outlet end of said connecting branch and having itself a connecting branch directed tangentially and adapted to be connected to an inlet pipe supplying another fluid material, a nozzle having a 'Venturi passageway in alignment with the axis of said calibrated hole,.and a device allowing to distribute, in the form of a thin sheet, .the mixture issuing from. said nozzle.

The fluid material tangentially entering said chamber, for instance a liquid, air laden with a filler in suspension, etc., may notbe delivered under pressure therein because the jet of liquid under pressure, through the calibrated hole of 25 the washer, forming a spraying nozzle, and the nozzle having a Venturi passageway, produces in this chamber a suction which is suflicient for drawing said fluid material therein, even if this fluid material comes from a tank open to the 30 atmosphere'and arranged at the level of said chamber.

The accompanying drawings, given by way of example only, illustrate some embodiments of the subject-matter oi the invention.

Fig. l is a vertical section of a first form oi construction.

Fig. 2 is a cross section thereof made along line II-II or! Fig. 1. x

v Fig. 3 is a perspective view showing a modifica- 40 tion or a core having a helical groove.

Fig. 4 is an underside plan view of said core.

Figs.5 and 6 are perspective views of two other modifications 01' this core.

Figs. 7 and 8 are vertical sections 45 forms of construction.

Fig. 9 is a. vertical section of a modification of the nozzle and of the distributing device.

v Fig. 10 is an elevation of a carriage for liquids.

The apparatus illustrated in Figs. 1 and 2 com- 50 prises four distinct partsA, B, C, D.

The part A is composed of a hollow cylindrical body I in which leads a connecting branch 2 through which is sent the primary liquid under pressure. A wing nut 3, constituting a plug, is

55 screwed in the body I. A needle valve 4 is screwed of two other,

10 Claims. (Cl. 299-114) in the plug 3 and is exactly centered in the cylinder I. It can be secured in any required position by a lock nut 5.

The body I .terminates'in a connecting branch 6 having a, diameter preferably smaller than that of the body I, and the axis of which coincides with the axis'Z'Z of the cylindrical body I. A spraying nozzle washer I perforated with a cylindrical or slightly conical hole is secured to the body I by a spraying nozzle cap 8 secured on 6. This cap 8, made cylindrical, is in-alignment with the axis Z'Z.

The part B of the apparatus is constituted by a chamber 9 the cross section of which is of spiral shape (Fig. 2); to this chamber is tangentially connected 8. connecting branch II) which causes it to communicate with a tank containing the secondary fluid, under pressure or not.

In the example illustrated, for the profile of chamber 9 has been chosen a spiral such that the difierence between its variable radius vector p and the radius r of a fixed circumference concentric withthe axis ZZ' of the spraying nozzle is proportional to the angle or formed by the radius vector with an axis of origin, 1. e. a spiral having for equation:

(2w-w)+t R being the greatest radius vector of this spiral.

This arrangement is adapted to facilitate the supply of the secondary fluid under the suction eflect of the primary liquid in chamber 9.

This chamber is screwed at 25 on the body I. It is provided, at its lower part, with a circular. opening 26 centered on the axis Z'Z and screwthreaded for receiving the part C. This third part'C consists in a nozzle I8 having a Venturi passagewayand directly screwed in the opening 26. In this example, the inlet orifice of the nozzle I8 is in the shape of a portion of a torus. I8a

to the narrowest section I80 of the Venturi passageway. The outlet orifice has a conical and relatively widely flared shape I8b.

The fourth part D of the apparatus is composed of two bodies of revolution fitted one into the other; the'outer body of revolution 38 consists in a connecting branch which is fitted with slight friction on the end of the nozzle I8 and is supported by screws 3|, the points of which extend in a groove I8d, of angular section, provided about the nozzle. The setting ofthe device D can thus be modified at will.

Moreover, the pressure of the screwson the lower wall of the groove I8d ensures the contact oi the connecting branch 33 with a-shoulder lie of the nozzle, in order to obtain the necessary fluid-tightness. The inner body of revolution or core 32 is secured in the connecting branch by screws '35. In this example, the contact surface of the bodies of revolution 30 and 32 is cylindrical and a helical groove 33 is provided in the periphery of the core 32.

Instead of this core having a simple groove, more or less wide, use can be made of bodies of revolution of different shape, for instance those illustrated in Figs. 3 to 6.

Figs. 3 and 4 illustrate a cylindrical core, the helical groove 33 of which is divided, by narrow threads 33a, into a plurality of passages of constant pitch, but having a depth which decreases from the inlet end to the outlet end. The entire groove occupies an opening forming an angle a smaller than 180 In Fig. 4, the dotted lines indicate the directions of the elementary jets when they issue from the grooves 33, these jets forming a sheet having at this place the shape of a portion of a hyperboloid comprised between the extreme generatrlces ab and cd.

This sheet can come in contact with the ground according to a portion oi. an annular zone the radius of which will depend on the distance separating the device from the ground, and the angular opening of which will correspond to that of groove 33. If the apparatus is moved at a constant speed and parallel to the ground in the direction of the bisectrix oi the arc of impact of the sheet, a substantially uniform distribution of the liquid spread on the ground will be obtained per unit of area as long as the supply pressure will not be changed.

As shown in Figs. 5 and 6, the core 33 has a irustum-like shape slightlyconverging downwardly, so that once inserted in a connecting branch of corresponding shape, the pressure exerted by the liquid on the top of the core will press the periphery oi the latter against the inner wall of the connecting branch, thus ensuring the fluid-tightness of the joint and allowing as well the core to be secured without the use of screws or similar members,

As shown in Fig.. 5, the core is provided with a groove 33 without subdivision, whilst the core illustrated in Fig. 8 is subdivided on a portion of its length by a thread 33. It is to be understood that the number oi intermediate threads can vary without the desired efl'ect being appreciably modified.

In these various examples, the obliquity oi the grooves relatively to the axis or the core is constant or varies to a slight extent; but the dispersion of the liquid in the shape of a hyperboloid sheet would also be obtained it the grooves had diflerent shapes and inclinations in the first portion of their length, provided their outlet portions are, on a suitable length, all directed with one and the same obliquity as in the examples illustrated. For instance, each groove can have a V-shape or a sinuous shape, for the purpose of completing the stirring and emulsion of the various liquids when more or less complex mixtures are to be spread on the ground.

In the above examples, the core 32 carries a conical projection 34 entering the outlet orifice oi the nozzle ii for facilitating the fiow oi the liquid towards the groove 33.

The apparatus illustrated in Fig. '1 differs from the preceding one by the fact that it comprises a cylindrical slide valve l2 secured to the nozzle It by a screw l1; this slide valve is perforated,

slight friction, on the one with holes I 3 and can slide with hand, on the cap 8 terminating the inlet connecting branch I and, on the other hand, in a socket Ii screwed in the opening 28 of the bottom of chamber 9.

The stroke of this slide valve is limited by a screw 15 passing through socket I I and extending in a groove ll. In this example, the distributing device D is constituted by an extension 30 of the slide valve and by the core 32 secured in this extension by a screw 35. It moves therefore with the slide valve and with the nozzle. In the position of rest or lower position, the holes l3 are withdrawn within the socket Ii. It the primary liquid under pressure is caused to enter the body I, the needle valve passes through the spraying nozzle, enters the nomle i3, thence passes through groove 33 and issues in an atomized condition in the form of a sheet. Within the slide valve l2, between the sprayin nozzle and the nozzle II, a partial vacuum is created so that the atmospheric pressure lifts the unit constituted by the slide valve, nozzle l3 and core 32, whereby the holes l3 open in on its periphery,

chamber 8 and that the secondary fluid is sucked through the latter and through the connecting branch II. This fluid then mixes with the primary liquid in the nozzle l3, and, from this moment, it is their mixture which is atomized and projected in the shape of a sheet.

Fig. 8 shows only the parts A, B, C of an apparatus to which can be secured a suitable distributing device, for instance that shown in Fig. 9. This apparatus comprises a slide valve l2 similar to that Just described, but shorter. is having a Venturi passageway, presents an inner profile different from that of the nozzle l8 oi. Figs. 1 and 7.

Fig. 9 illustrates a distributing device which can be used instead of the distributing device 33,

Its nozzle I being lifted, this liquid 32 described above. It consists in a member l9 secured, by a screw 2|, on a support 20 secured in its turn to the nozzle I3; this member has the shape of an approximately conical body of revolution, the point oi. which extends in the outlet orifice oi the nozzle, and the base of which has a concave profile allowing to spread out the jet issuing from the nozzle in the form 01' a bellshaped sheet.

The vehicle shown in Fig. 10 comprises a hydrocarbon vat moved by hand, in which is arranged a vessel 28 containing a filler and surrounded by the primary liquid 23 (hot tar for instance).

A pump 22 sends the primary liquid under pressure in a flexible pipe 23 leading to the connecting branch 2 of the mixing apparatus. A

' tube 24 opens at the bottom 01' the filler vessel and communicates with the connecting branch IU of this apparatus by means of a fluid-tight flexible pipe 21.

It suiiices to pump for obtaining the desired result.

Use can be made of the dispersing device composed oi the connecting branch 30 and core 32 independently of the mixing device composed of the spraying nozzle I, vacuum chamber 9 and nozzle It, by securing it for instance directly to the outlet of conduit supplying any liquid under pressure.

Although it is preferable to provide the groove 33 in the surface of the core 32 and to leave the inner wall of connecting branch 30 smooth or plain, equivalent results might be obtained by forming the groove in the connecting branch and by leaving the surfaceof the core plain, or by two members.

1. In a mixing and atomizing apparatus for hydrocarbons and other fluid materials, the combination of a hollow body, a connecting branch for the admission of a driving fluid on said hollow body and opening in the same, a washer, having a calibrated hole, on this hollow body, for the issue of said driving fluid, an annular hollow body adapted to surround said washer, a connecting branch for the admission of a driven fluid on this annular hollow body and arranged to open tangentially in the latter, a nozzle having a Venturi passageway on this annular hollow body and in alignment with the axis of said hollow washer, and means on this nozzle allowing to distribute, in the form of a thin sheet, the mixture of driving and driven fluids issuing from said nozzle.

2. A mixing and atomizing apparatus as claimed in claim 1, in which said washer having a calibrated hole is removably secured on the corresponding hollow body, adapted to receive the driving fluid.

3. A mixing and atomizing apparatus as claimed in claim 1, in which said annular hollow body, surrounding said washer, encloses a chamber having a spiral shape, said inlet connecting branch of this chamber being directed tangentially to the wall at the place where its radius of curvature is maximum.

4. A mixing and atomizing apparatus as claimed in claim 1, in which the inlet orifice of the nozzle having a Venturi passageway is in the shape of a portion of a torus up to the narrowest section of said passageway.

5. A mixing and atomizing apparatus as claimed in claim 1, in which said means, provided on said nozzle and allowing to distribute; in the form of a thin sheet, the mixture issuing from said nozzle, is constituted by two bodies of revolution fitted one into the other, one of these bodies of revolution having in its surface in contact with the other body, a groove terminating according to an oblique direction relatively to the axis of these two bodies of revolution and arranged for opening on a portion of a circumference smaller than 6. A mixing and atomizing apparatus as claimed in claim 1, in which said means, provided on said nozzle and allowing to distribute, in the form of a thin sheet, the mixture issuing from said nozzle, is constituted by two bodiesof revolution fitted one into the other, one of these bodies having in its surface in contact with the other body a groove longitudinally divided by at least one thread which extends at least on a portion of the length of said groove.

7. A mixiig and atomizing apparatus as claimed in claim 1, in which said means, provided on said nozzle and allowing to distribute, in the form of a thin sheet, the mixture issuing from said nozzle, is constituted by two bodies of revolution fitted one into the other, one of these bodies having a groove inits surface in contact with the other body, the contact surfaces of these two revolution bodies being cylindrical, and said bodies being removably connected one to the'other.

8. A mixing and atomizing apparatus as claimed in claim 1, in which the means allowing to distribute, in the form of a thin sheet the mixture issuing from said nozzle, are arranged on the latter so that they can be set at will about the axis of this nozzle.

9. A mixing and atomizing apparatus as claimed in claim 1, in which the means allowing to distribute, in the form of a' thin sheet, the mixture issuing from the said nozzle, are in the shape of a frustum converging towards the outlet.

10. A mixing and atomizing apparatus as claimed in claim 1, in which said nozzle having a calibrated hole is arranged in a cylindrical outlet connecting branch of said hollow body adapted to receive the driving fluid, a cylindrical slide valve rigid with said nozzle having a Ven turi passageway, perforated on its periphery and arranged for longitudinally on said outlet connecting branch and in an axial outlet orifice of said annular hollow body, the perforations of said slide valve being so arranged as to open or cut off the passageway between the chamber of said annular hollow body and the said nozzle according to the position of said slide valve.

RAYMOND Flinn: SIMONIN. 

